Developmental Outcome Analysis
Research Summary
Authoritative Child Outcomes
Research found that authoritative parenting towards children results in better academic achievement, stronger self-esteem, better social skills, fewer behavioral problems in school, and lower risk of anxiety and depression (Awiszus, A. et al., 2022).
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Authoritarian Child Outcomes
Research shows that when children are parented using an authoritarian style, this results in children having lower academic achievement, low self-esteem, poor social skills, a higher likelihood of behavioral problems (including the use of drugs and alcohol), and a higher risk of anxiety and depression (Awiszus, A. et al., 2022).
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Permissive Child Outcomes
When a child is raised using a permissive parenting style, research shows that the children have a harder time focusing and self-disciplining. They present strong impulsive behavior, social isolation, anxiety, and depression. The children are very egocentric and overall have a hard time developing relationships with others (Awiszus, A. et al., 2022).
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Neglectful Child Outcomes
A child raised by neglectful parents has low self-esteem and a high risk of mental health disorders, such as suicide. Without the proper care and relationship built at home, the children have a hard time forming relationships and maintaining relationships. These children tend to experience drug and alcohol abuse, another factor in their high risk of mental health disorders (Awiszus, A. et al., 2022).
The figure above provides a visual understand of each parenting style child outcomes.
Image source: https://www.jsr.org/hs/index.php/path/article/view/3679/1553
Age Considerations
Parents have a significant influence on their child’s development across the years.
Children raised by authoritarian parenting will experience a hard time within their social development as they grow. If their parents are constantly yelling at them and punishing them for not being well-behaved, the child may begin to develop higher levels of aggression (Ahmed, 2025). The child will have a harder time being independent when it comes to making decisions. Their parents' reactions will influence what they do and do not decide to accomplish throughout their lifespan.
Children who experience authoritative parenting will be positively affected and reach their developmental milestones throughout the years. They will meet milestones such as strong emotional and social development (Ahmed, 2025). This is because the parents work through the children’s emotions while also communicating their behaviors and expectations/boundaries.
Depending on the type of permissive parent, there are different ways children are impacted developmentally as they grow up. While the parents care about their children’s emotions, their emotional development is impacted throughout the years as the parents are likely to follow along with their children’s emotions and not work through them properly. The children have been raised to be disciplined as they grow older (Ahmed, 2025). This may result in lack of emotional control and present impulsivity behaviors as well as struggle with self-regulation (Sanvictores & Mendez, 2022).
Neglectful parenting over the years can negatively impact a child’s development. As they grow up, children may experience lack of socio-emotional development, having less scoping skills strategies (Ahmed, 2025). Negligence in parenting results in children having a harder time speaking to others as they get older. Without proper communication and care from parents, these children may lack social development and have a harder time getting to know other people or understand their emotions (Ahmed, 2025).
Long-term vs. Short-term Effects
The parenting styles children experience throughout their childhood influence their development long-term. Each parenting style will impact their child’s social-emotional development in some way, as we learned above. This is why it is important to build a relationship with your child and develop a proper balance of warmth and discipline throughout their childhood.
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Watch the video below for further explanation on how parenting styles can affect a child over the years!
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